Arthropod presence and their relevance in South African archaeological deposits

Abstract

Arthropod biology, entomology and forensic entomology are well-established fields in South Africa, yet their application in local archaeological studies is underdeveloped. Here, we discuss the nature of arthropod (mainly insects) presence reporting from excavation and laboratory analyses of archaeological materials in South Africa. We assess the shortcomings of reporting trends, explore interpretive possibilities based on a case study from two Early Iron Age sites (Le6 and Le7) and a Middle Iron Age site (Evelyn) in the Limpopo Province, and suggest the way forward for optimal recording of arthropod presence in archaeological deposits. In addition to presenting a case for entomology sensu lato in understanding past environments, site formation processes, agricultural practices and living conditions, we also highlight the role archaeologists can play in entomological research by gathering present-day data on subterranean arthropod presence and behaviour.