Afrocentric analysis of music in political advertisements of the Economic Freedom Fighters (EFF)

Mopailo Thomas Thatelo | Bio
University of South Africa
Share:

How to Cite

Afrocentric analysis of music in political advertisements of the Economic Freedom Fighters (EFF). (2022). Communicare: Journal for Communication Studies in Africa, 41(2), 65-74. https://doi.org/10.36615/jcsa.v41i2.1431
  • Articles
  • Submited: August 10, 2022
  • Published: December 15, 2022

Abstract

In 2009, South Africa saw another landmark with the introduction of political advertisements on television. Literature is littered with studies of political advertisements on television. In these studies, 1) background music is merely an accompaniment to advertisement voiceover and images, rather than an argument itself. Little is known about 2) the discursive role of background political music as a means of conveying political messages in political television advertisements, 3) the underlying ideology and 4) Afrocentric rhetoric in political music used in political television advertisements. Considering the above, this paper interrogates the Afrocentric perspective underlying the rhetoric of background music in the political television advertisements of the South African opposition political party, the Economic Freedom Fighters (EFF) from 2014 to 2021. This study employs the decolonial thought of the Afrocentric perspective as a theory and a research method to interrogate underlying rhetoric in political music. Findings of the paper revealed that the EFF background music is highly political, Afrocentric and inherently rhetorical.

References

  1. Adebayo, J.O. (2017). “Vote not Fight”: Examining music’s role in fostering non-violent elections in Nigeria. African Journal of Conflict Resolution, 17(1): 55-77.
  2. Adeleke, T. (2009). The case against Afrocentrism. Jackson, M.S.: University Press of Mississippi.
  3. Allen, L. (2004). Music and politics in Africa. Social Dynamics: A Journal of African Studies, 30(2): 1-19.
  4. Amin, S. (1988). Eurocentrism. New York: Monthly Review Press.
  5. Ani, M. (1994). Yurugu: An African-Centered Critique of European Cultural Thought and Behaviour. Baltimore: African World Books.
  6. Aririguzoh, S.A. (2019). Music, political messaging and Nigeria’s 2015 presidential election, in Onyebadi, U.T. (ed.). Music and messaging in the African political arena. Chocolate: IGI Global, pp.261-282.
  7. Asante, M.K. (2009). Afrocentricity (online). Available from: http://www.asante.net/articles/1/afrocentricity
  8. Asante, M.K. (2002). Intellectual dislocation: Applying analytical Afrocentricity to narratives of identity. The Howard Journal of Communication, 13: 97-110.
  9. Asante, M.K. (1990). Kemet, Afrocentricity and knowledge. Trenton, N,J,: Africa World Press.
  10. Asante, M.K. (1988). Afrocentricity. Trenton, N,J,: Africa World Press.
  11. Asante, M.K. (1987). The Afrocentric idea. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
  12. Asante. M.K. (1980). The Afrocentricity: The theory of social change. New York: Amulefi Press.
  13. Bates, B, Lawrence, W.Y. & Cervenka, M. (2008). Redrawing Afrocentricsm: Visual Nommo. George H. Ben Johnson’s editorial cartoons. The Howard Journal of Communications, 19(3): 277-296.
  14. Bennet, T.W. & Strug, J. (2013). Introduction to International Law. Cape Town: Juta.
  15. Chawane, M. (2016). The development of Afrocentricity: A historical survey. Yesterday & Today. Available from: http://www.sashtw.org.za/index2.htm.
  16. Christiansen, P. (2020). From the subliminal to the ridiculing. How US campaign ads use music to evoke four basic and two compound emotions, in Deaville, J., Tan, S.L. & Rodman, R. (eds.). The Oxford Handbook of Music and Advertising. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp 625-43.
  17. Cloete, J.N. (1997). South African Municipal Government and Administration. Pretoria: Van Schaik.
  18. Cloete, J.N. (1988). Central, Regional and Local Government Institutions of South Africa. Pretoria: Van Schaik.
  19. Collins, P.H. (2006). From Black Power to Hip Hop: Racism, Nationalism and Feminism. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
  20. Coplan, D. (1985). In Township Tonight! South Africa’s Black City Music and Theatre. Johannesburg: Jacana.
  21. Cowell, A. (1986). State of emergency imposed throughout South Africa: More that 1 000 rounded up. The New York Times. 3 June. Available from: https://www.nytimes.com/1986/06/13/world/state-of-emergency-imposed-throughout-south-africa-more-than-1000-rounded-up.html.
  22. Davey, D. (2020). Dodging the sjambok: How musicians got around apartheid’s laws. The Mail & Guardian, 11 April. Available from:https://mg.co.za/article/2020-04-11-dodging-the-sjambok-how-musicians-got-around-apartheids-laws/.
  23. Dontsa, L. (1990). Contemporary Political Performing Arts in South Africa. Unpublished doctoral thesis. London. University of London.
  24. Everatt, D. (2016). The era of ineluctability? Post-apartheid South Africa after 20 years of democratic elections. Journal of Southern African Studies, 42(1): 49-64.
  25. Felix, J. (2021). ANC suffers huge blows in two Mpumalanga municipalities beset by corruption, service delivery failure. News24. 3 November. Available from: https://www.news24.com/news24/southafrica/news/anc-suffers-huge-blows-in-two-mpumalanga-municipalities-beset-by-corruption-service-delivery-failure-20211103
  26. Gerber, J. (2021). National Assembly fails to pass constitutional amendment to allow land expropriation without compensation. News24. 7 December. Available from :https://www.news24.com/news24/southafrica/news/breaking-national-assembly-fails-to-pass-constitutional-amendment-to-allow-land-expropriation-without-compensation-20211207
  27. Hubbard, G.T. & Crawford, E. (2008). Music in political advertisements: Music to the ears or background noise? A study of music’s influence on message-relevant thinking. Journal of Radio & Audio Media, 15(2): 167-181.
  28. Hyatt, S. (2016). South Africa’s housing crisis: A remnant of apartheid. AlJazeera. 11 October. Available from:https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2016/10/11/south-africas-housing-crisis-a-remnant-of-apartheid.
  29. Joyce, J.A. (2005). Black Studies as Human Studies: Critical essays and interviews. New York: State University of New York Press.
  30. Kanyane, M. (2021). Factions and factionalism in South African party politics-appraising (de)merits. Politikon South African Journal of Political Studies, 48(3): 1-17.
  31. Karenga, M. (2002). Introduction to Black Studies. Los Angeles: University of Sankore Press.
  32. Lannegrem, O. & Ito, H. (2017). The end of the ANC era: An analysis of corruption and inequality in South Africa. Journal of Politics and Law, 10(4): 55-59.
  33. Luke, L.G. (2015). Challenges confronting South Africa: Land Reform. 9 April. Independent Strategic Analysis of Australia Global Interest. Available from: https://www.futuredirections.org.au/publication/challenges-confronting-south-africa-land-reform/.
  34. Macpherson, D. (2020). South Africa requires a different vision than the ANC’s. The Mail & Guardian. 15 November. Available from: https://mg.co.za/opinion/2020-10-15-south-africa-requires-a-different-vision-than-the-ancs/.
  35. Mambwe, E. (2019). ‘The discursive role of music in African elections: A perspective from Zambia’, in Onyebadi, U.T. (ed.) Music and Messaging in the African Political Arena. Chocolate: IGI Global, pp. 166-184.
  36. Masungwini, N. (2021). EFF blames the ANC for failure to pass expropriation without compensation bill. City Press. 07 December. Available from: https://www.news24.com/citypress/politics/eff-blames-anc-for-failure-to-pass-expropriation-without-compensation-bill-20211207.
  37. Mavuso, B. (2021). Service delivery improvement vital to economic growth. Moneyweb. 2 November. Available from: https://www.moneyweb.co.za/news/south-africa/service-delivery-improvement-vital-to-economic-growth-mavuso/.
  38. Mbembe, J.A. (2001). On the postcolony. Berkley, CA: University of California Press.
  39. Mbete, S. (2015). The Economic Freedom Fighters: South Africs’s turn towards populism? Journal of African Elections, 14(1): 35-59.
  40. Merten, M. (2018). Parliament: Historic land expropriation agreement reached amid South Africa’s changing politics. Daily Maverick. 27 February. Available from: https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2018-02-27-parliament-historic-land-expropriation-agreement-reached-amid-south-africas-changing-politics/.
  41. Mhaka, T. (2021). South Africa’s unrest and the ANC’s many failings. AlJazeera. 18 July. Available from: https://www.aljazeera.com/opinions/2021/7/18/south-africas-unrest-and-the-ancs-many-failings.
  42. Midgley, P. (2007). Pariahs in the land of their birth: Sol Plaatje and Frederick Douglass in the search for identity. Safundi: The Journal of South African and American Studies 2(2): 1-18.
  43. Mosala, S.J., Venter, J.C.M. & Bain, E.G. (2017). South Africa’s Economic Transformation since 1994: What influence has the National Democratic Revolution (NDR) had? The Review of Black Political Economy, 44(3-4): 327-340.
  44. Mubangizi, J. (2020). Corruption in SA: The politics, the law and all the shenanigans in between. Citypress. 7 October. Available from: https://www.news24.com/citypress/voices/corruption-in-sa-the-politics-the-law-and-all-the-shenanigans-in-between-20201007.
  45. Ndlovu-Gatsheni, S.J. (2015). Decoloniality as the future of Africa. History Compass, 13(10): 485-496.
  46. Neves, J. (2021). Changing Constitution to allow land expropriation is “dangerous” in face of Covid-19. 1 April. BizNews. Available from:https://www.biznews.com/thought-leaders/2021/04/01/land-expropriation-amendment-bill.
  47. Ngubane, M.B. (2005). An Evaluation of Service Delivery at Ndondakusuka Local Municipality. Unpublished doctoral thesis. KwaDlangezwa. University of Zululand.
  48. Ntsebeza, D.B. (2004). ‘Reconciliation, reparation and reconstruction in post-1994 South Africa: What role for land?’, in Doxtader, E. & Vicencio,C.V. (eds.). To repair the irreparable: Reparation and reconstruction in South Africa. Cape Town: David Phillip, pp. 101-117.
  49. Nyairo, J. & Ogude, J. (2005). Popular music, popular politics: Unbwogable and the idioms of freedom in Kenyan popular music. African Affairs, 104 (415): 225-249.
  50. Obono, K. (2020). An analysis of the 2011 and 2015 electoral music of select presidential candidates in Nigeria. Ibadan Journal of Humanistic Studies, 30(1): 1-23.
  51. Okeke, R.C. (2019). Politics, music and social mobilization in Africa: The Nigeria narrative and extent tendencies. International Letters of Social and Humanistic Science, 86: 28-41.
  52. Omenya, G.O. (2019). Music, riddles and proverbs in Kenya’s presidential elections: Raila Odinga’s oratory style and the 2017 general election. The East African Review, 53: 1-17.
  53. Onyebadi, U.T. (2019). ‘It isn’t all about “authority”: Deconstructing Fela Anikulapo-Kutis political messaging against “follow-follow” citizenry’, in Onyebadi, U.T. (ed.) Music and Messaging in the African Political Arena. Chocolate: IGI Global, pp. 22-44.
  54. Onyebadi, U.T. (2018). Political messages in African music: Assessing Fela Anikulapo-Kuti, Lucky Dube and Alpha Blondy. Humanities, 7: 1-19.
  55. Osiebe, G.V. (2016). Political music genre in postcolonial Nigeria, 1960-2013. Ph.D Thesis. Birmingham: University of Birmingham.
  56. Patch, J. (2020). As head on the changing musical language of presidential campaign ads, in Deaville, J., Tan,S.L. & Rodman, R. (eds.). The Oxford Handbook of Music and Advertising. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 604-23.
  57. Schlemmer, E.C. (2016). An overview of South Africa’s bilateral investment treaties and investment policy. ICSID Review-Foreign Investment Law Journal, 31(1): 167-193.
  58. Scoggin, L. (2021). Music and sound design a propaganda in Hell Bent for Election, in Deaville, J., Tan, S.L. & Rodman, R. (eds.). The Oxford Handbook of Music and Advertising. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 590-603.
  59. Seekings, J. (2021). (Re) formulating the social question in post-apartheid South Africa: Zola Skweyiya, dignity, development and the welfare state, in Leisering, L. (ed). One Hundred Years of Social Protection: The changing social question in Brazil, India, China and South Africa. Bremen: Palgrave MacMillan, pp. 20-35.
  60. Seti, V. 2019. On Blackness: The role and positionality of black public intellectuals in post-94 South Africa. Unpublished doctoral thesis. Pretoria: University of South Africa.
  61. Soko, M. & Qobo, M. (2018). SA’s cancellation of bilateral investment treaties – strategic or hostile. Financial 24. 28 September. Available from:https://www.news24.com/fin24/opinion/sas-cancellation-of-bilateral-investment-treaties-strategic-or-hostile-20180928-3.
  62. Street, J. (2012). Music and politics. Cambridge: Polity Press.
  63. Swilling, M. (1987). The United Democratic Front and township revolt. Work in Progress. Available from: https://markswilling.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/UNITED-DEMOCRATIC-FRONT-AND-TOWNSHIP-REVOLT.
  64. Thompson, L. (2014). A history of South Africa. London: Yale University Press.
  65. Van Niekerk, R. & Padayachee, V. (2021). The rise and fall of a social democratic economic and social policy alternative in the ANC (1990-1996). Journal of Contemporary African Studies, 39(2): 230-245.
  66. Vidojević, J. & Chipkin, I. (2021). The gendered character of welfare: reconsidering vulnerability and violence in South Africa. Social Dynamics: A Journal of African Studies, 47(3): 472-487.
  67. Wadesanga, N., Mhaka, C., Chokoma, T. & Wadesango, V.W. (2018). Causes of poor service delivery and the feasibility of outsourcing to improve service in local authorities. Journal of Economics and Behavioural Studies, 10(2): 188-198.
  68. Walker, C.E. (2001). We can’t go home again: An argument about Afrocentrism. San Francisco: Oxford University Press.
  69. Woodson, C.G. (1990). The Mis-Education of the Negro. Trenton, NJ: Africa World Press.
  70. Workman, K. (2020). Our education system is broken, and unless we fix it all else is doomed. Daily Maverick. Available from: https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2020-11-26-our-education-system-is-broken-and-unless-we-fix-it-all-else-is-doomed/.
  71. Zwane, T. (2021). Municipal finances in state of crisis. Citypress. 31 October. Available from:https://www.news24.com/citypress/business/municipal-finances-in-state-of-crisis-20211031.
How to Cite
Afrocentric analysis of music in political advertisements of the Economic Freedom Fighters (EFF). (2022). Communicare: Journal for Communication Studies in Africa, 41(2), 65-74. https://doi.org/10.36615/jcsa.v41i2.1431

Send mail to Author


Send Cancel

Custom technologies based on your needs

  • ORCID
  • Crossref
  • PubMed
  • Clarivate