The information supplied here is taken from https://publicationethics.org/guidance/guideline/retraction-guidelines.

Errata

If partial errors or flaws are detected a full retraction will not be implemented. In this case errata will be issued. The JSR will distinctly indicate what errors were identified, giving a full explanation for the reasons for notifying readers of these errata, and in doing so will maintain an objective tone without inflammatory language.

Retractions

The JSR follows the COPE guidelines to identify and deal with article or information that must be retracted (cf. https://publicationethics.org/guidance/guideline/retraction-guidelines). According to COPE, ‘Retraction is a mechanism for correcting the literature and alerting readers to articles that contain such seriously flawed or erroneous content or data that their findings and conclusions cannot be relied upon. Unreliable content or data may result from honest error, naïve mistakes, or research misconduct. The main purpose of retraction is to correct the literature and ensure its integrity rather than to punish the authors. Retractions may be used to alert readers to cases of redundant publication, plagiarism, peer review manipulation, reuse of material or data without authorization, copyright infringement or some other legal issue, unethical research, and/or a failure to disclose a major competing interest that would have unduly influenced interpretations or recommendations’ (https://publicationethics.org/guidance/guideline/retraction-guidelines, 2019, p. 1).

Retractions are considered:

• when there is evidence of major errors, plagiarism, data fabrication, or falsification, or if the article has previously been published elsewhere in full, or if a substantial portion of the article was published elsewhere without proper attribution, permission, or justification;
• if a publication includes material or data used without proper authorization, or infringes on copyright, which might require retraction due to legal issues; and
• should unethical practices such as an unethical peer review, undisclosed conflicts of interest, or biased interpretations of the work by peer reviewers be detected.

Notices of Retraction

Notices of retraction will be linked to the retracted article, clearly identifying it with title and authors, and be published promptly – freely accessible to all readers.

Retraction notices with the JSR will distinctly indicate that they are retractions, stating who is retracting, giving a full explanation for the reasons of retraction, and maintain an objective tone without inflammatory language.

Retractions are inappropriate if authorship is disputed. It is also inappropriate when the findings of the study are not disputed, the main results are reliable, evidence is inconclusive, or reported conflicts of interest did not influence the article’s conclusions.