A Cognitive Linguistics approach to the ‘less is more’ paradox of communication, with specific reference to public relations messages

Luna Beard
University of the Free State
Share:

How to Cite

A Cognitive Linguistics approach to the ‘less is more’ paradox of communication, with specific reference to public relations messages. (2022). Communicare: Journal for Communication Studies in Africa, 24(1), 89-111. https://doi.org/10.36615/jcsa.v24i1.1754
  • Articles
  • Submited: October 19, 2022
  • Published: October 24, 2022

Abstract

In this article the spotlight falls on the challenge to public relations practitioners to
achieve a ‘less is more’ approach – not less communication, but less ambiguity. This
article focuses on the way in which Cognitive Linguistics tools can facilitate clarity in
public relations messages, as illustrated in the analysis of a slogan.The relationship
between assumptions within this framework and issues in public relations is pointed out
and illustrated. Within the Cognitive Linguistic analysis presented here, it is argued that
public relations messages can be analysed in terms of specific conceptual metaphors,
and that ambiguity can be limited by proposed mental mechanisms. The analysis ties in
with the claim that much of our conceptualisation of experience is metaphorical, which
both motivates and constrains our creativity.The advantages of an analysis within Cognitive
Grammar are shown to reside in its potential to interpret linguistic expressions
metaphorically and to account for stylistic phenomena.

References

  1. BARCELONA, A. 2000. Metaphor and metonymy at the crossroads. A cognitive perspective. New York:Mouton de Gruyter.
  2. BEARD, L. (forthcoming.) Heavy noun phrase constructions in the Afrikaans novel 'n Ander land:A Cognitive Linguistic account of a stylistic feature. (In: South African Linguistics and AppliedLanguage Studies.)
  3. BERNSTEIN, D. 1986. Company image and reality: A critique of corporate communications. New York:Holt, Rhinehart & Winston.
  4. BIVINS, T.H. 1999. Handbook for public relations writing.Chicago :NTC Business Books.
  5. BOUWER, L. 1993. A critical assessment of two contemporary theoretical approaches to heavy NPconstructions. D. Litt et Phil University of South Africa : Pretoria.
  6. CLEARLY, S. (ed) 2003.The communication handbook (2nd edition). Cape Town: Juta.
  7. CUTLIP, E., CENTER, N. & BROOM, B. 1985. Effective public relations (6th edition). Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall.
  8. DU PLESSIS, F. 2003. Introduction to integrated marketing communication. (In Du Plessis, F., Bothma, N., Jordaan, Y. & Van Heerden, N. Integrated Marketing Communication. Claremont: NAE.)
  9. DU PLESSIS, F. BOTHMA, N., JORDAAN, Y. & VAN HEERDEN, N. 2003. Integrated Marketing Communication. Claremont : NAE.
  10. DU TOIT, P. & SMITH-MULLER, W. 2003. Stylboek. Riglyne vir paslik skryf. Pretoria: Van Schaik.
  11. EMPSON, W. 155. Seven types of ambiguity. New York: New Directions Publishing Company
  12. ENGEL, J.F., WARSHAW, M.R. & KINNEAR, T.C. 1991. Promotional strategy. Managing the marketing communications process. Boston : Irwin.
  13. FAUCONNIER, G. 1994. Mental spaces: Aspects of meaning construction in natural languages. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  14. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511624582 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511624582
  15. FAUCONNIER, G. 2000. Introduction to methods and generalizations. (In Janssen, T & Redeker, G. eds. Scope and foundations of cognitive linguistics. The Hague : Mouton de Gruyter.)https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110803464.95 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110803464.95
  16. FREEMAN, M.H. 2000. Poetry and the scope of metaphor: Toward a cognitive theory of literature.
  17. (In Barcelona, A. ed. Metaphor and metonymy at the crossroads. A cognitive perspective. New York: Mouton de Gruyter.)
  18. GIBBS, R.W. 1994. The poetics of mind: figurative thought, language, and understanding. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  19. GIBBS, R.W. & STEEN, G.J. 1999. Metaphor in Cognitive Linguistics. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. https://doi.org/10.1075/cilt.175 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1075/cilt.175
  20. GOLDMAN, G. 2002. Managing perceptions. Succeeding in public relations. Cape Town : Zebra.
  21. GRUNIG, J.E. 1992. Excellence in public relations and communication management. Hillsdale, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  22. GUNNING, R. 1952. The technique of clear writing. New York: McGraw-Hill.
  23. HIEBERT, R.E., UNGURAIT, D.F. & BOHN, T.W. 1985. Mass Media IV: An introduction to modern communication. New York: Longman.Investment Horizons Retirement Annuity. 2004. Old Mutual.
  24. KÖVECSES, Z. 2002. Metaphor. A practical introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  25. LAKOFF, G. 1987. Women, fire and dangerous things. What categories reveal about the mind. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
  26. https://doi.org/10.7208/chicago/9780226471013.001.0001 DOI: https://doi.org/10.7208/chicago/9780226471013.001.0001
  27. LAKOFF,G. 1989. The invariance hypothesis: Do metaphors preserve cognitive topology? Duisburg: L.A.U.D.
  28. LAKOFF, G. & JOHNSON, M. 1980. Metaphors we live by. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
  29. LAKOFF, G. & JOHNSON, M. 1999. Philosophy in the flesh. The embodied mind and its challenge to western thought. New York: Basic Books.
  30. LAKOFF, G. & TURNER, M. 1989. More than cool reason. A field guide to poetic metaphor. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  31. https://doi.org/10.7208/chicago/9780226470986.001.0001 DOI: https://doi.org/10.7208/chicago/9780226470986.001.0001
  32. LANGACKER, R.W. 1987. Foundations of cognitive grammar. Vol. I. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
  33. LANGACKER, R.W. 1990. Concept, image and symbol. The cognitive basis of grammar. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
  34. LANGACKER, R.W. 1991. Foundations of cognitive grammar. Vol. II. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
  35. Life-threatening illness. Financial solutions to meet your needs./Lewensgevaarlike Siekte. Finansiële oplossings vir jou behoeftes. 2004. Old Mutual.
  36. LUBBE, B.A. & PUTH, G. 2002. Public relations in South Africa. A management reader. Isando : Heinemann.
  37. MULDER, D. 2004. The evolution of marketing communication: From selling to integration. Communicare, 23(1):220-237. Options at marriage. Understanding the financial implications of your marriage. 2004. Old Mutual. Ou Mutual. 2004. Bylae, Volksblad, 18 March.
  38. PETERS,. & AUSTIN, N. 1985. A passion for excellence: The leadership difference. Glasgow: Fontana/Collins.
  39. RIES, A. & TROUT, J. 1986. Positioning: The battle for your mind. New York: McGraw-Hill.
  40. SINCLAIR, R. 2004. The South African advertising book. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  41. SKINNER, C. & VON ESSEN, L. 1999. Handbook of public relations. Oxford : Oxford University Press.
  42. STEEN, G.J. 1999. From linguistic to conceptual metaphor in five steps. (In Gibbs, R.W. & Steen, G. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1075/cilt.175.05ste
  43. https://doi.org/10.1075/cilt.175.05ste J. eds. Metaphor in Cognitive Linguistics. Amsterdam : John Benjamins.)
  44. STEYN, B. 2004. A metaphorical application of the concept 'paradigm' to the public relationsdomain. Communicare, 23(1):54-78.
  45. STEYN. B. & PUTH, G. 2000. Corporate communication strategy. Sandown: Heinemann.
  46. TABAKOWSKA, E. 2000. Is (cognitive) linguistics of any use for (literary) translation? (In TirkkonenCondit, S. & Jääskeläinen, R. eds. Tapping and mapping the processes of translation and interpreting. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.) https://doi.org/10.1075/btl.37.09tab DOI: https://doi.org/10.1075/btl.37.09tab
  47. TAYLOR, J.R. 1991. Linguistic categorization. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  48. TAYLOR, J.R. 1995. Linguistic categorization. Prototypes in linguistic theory. Oxford: Clarendon.
  49. TAYLOR, J.R. 2002. Cognitive grammar. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  50. TURNER, M. 1991. Reading minds. The study of English in the age of cognitive science. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.
  51. https://doi.org/10.1515/9780691227788 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/9780691227788
  52. TURNER, M. 1996. The literary mind. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  53. VAN DER SPEK, E. 1996. Schriven met perspectief: Structuuradviezen voor schrijvers. Groningen: Martinus Nijhoff.
  54. VAN HEERDEN, N. 2003. Public relations, publicity, and sponsorship. (In Du Plessis, F., Bothma, N.,Jordaan, Y. & Van Heerden, N. Integrated Marketing Communication. Claremont: NAE.)
  55. VAN SCHALKWYK, M.J. 2002. Kommunikasie vir bestuur en sekretariële studente. Eppindust: Credo Communications.
  56. VERWEY, S. 2002. Communication theory. (In Lubbe, B.A. & Puth, G. eds. Public relations in South Africa. A management reader. Isando : Heinemann.)
  57. VORSTER, P. 2002. Public opinion and the paradox of communication.(In Lubbe, B.A. & Puth, G. eds.Public relations in South Africa. A management reader. Isando: Heinemann.)
  58. WATRAS, M. 1995. Potential pitfalls on the road to IM. IABC Communication World, 12(9):22-23.
  59. WINTER, S.L. 1995. A clearing in the forest. Metaphor and Symbolic Activity, 10:223-245. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327868ms1003_5 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327868ms1003_5
  60. Writing for public relations. 2004. Stellenbosch University Language Centre.
How to Cite
A Cognitive Linguistics approach to the ‘less is more’ paradox of communication, with specific reference to public relations messages. (2022). Communicare: Journal for Communication Studies in Africa, 24(1), 89-111. https://doi.org/10.36615/jcsa.v24i1.1754

Send mail to Author


Send Cancel

Custom technologies based on your needs

  • ORCID
  • Crossref
  • PubMed
  • Clarivate