The ANC and its use of history to build its brand
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
- Articles
- Submited: October 6, 2022
-
Published: October 6, 2022
Abstract
The African National Congress, South Africa’s ruling party since its liberation from apartheid in
1994, has one of the most compelling stories in modern political history. Few political parties
in the world have such a momentous, historically moving narrative; and few have used it to
such effect. The party has specialised in associating itself with the “collective memory” of the
South African people, ensuring that the ANC has been strongly associated with the South African
struggle narrative of the twentieth century. This is the heart of the “good story” that has kept the
ruling party in power since 1994 and made it very difficult for other political groupings to claim to
have played a major role in the struggle for freedom in South Africa.
Article Metrics Graph
References
- Aaker, J.L. (1997). Dimensions of brand personality. Journal of Marketing Research, 34(3): 347-356.
- Abarder, G. (2018, February 25). Cyril talks the walk for new ANC brand. Available from: https://www.iol.co.za/weekend-argus/opinion/cyril-talks-the-walk-for-new-anc-brand-13474252
- ANC. (2013). July bulletin. Available from: http://www.anc.org.za/docs/necbul/2013/julyw.pdf
- Baines, G. (2007). The master narrative of South Africa’s liberation struggle: Remembering and forgetting June 16, 1976. International Journal of African Historical Studies, 40(2): 283-302.
- Bethlehem, L. & Zalmanovich, T. (2020). Celebrity and protest in the Anti-Apartheid Movement. Critical Arts: 1-9.
- Burghausen, M. & Balmer, J.M.T. (2014). Corporate heritage identity management and the multi-modal implementation of a corporate heritage identity. Journal of Business Research, 67(11): 2311-2323.
- Carter, E.D. (2012). Where’s Che? Politics, pop culture, and public memory in Rosario, Argentina. FOCUS on Geography, 55(1): 1.
- Casey, M. J. (2009). Che’s afterlife: The legacy of an image. New York: Vintage Books.
- Chaudhuri, A. & Holbrook, M.B. (2001). The chain effects from brand trust and brand affect to brand performance: the role of brand loyalty. Journal of Marketing, 65(2): 81-93.
- da Silva, D. (2018, March 28). How world sees SA: Ramaphoria boosts S&P growth forecast. Available from: https://www.biznews.com/premium/2018/03/28/ramaphoria-sp-growthforecast/
- Fan, Y. (2006). Branding the nation: What is being branded?. Journal of Vacation Marketing, 12(1): 5-14.
- Fernández, D.J. (2000). Cuba and the politics of passion. University of Texas Press.
- Gibson, R. and Institute of Race Relations. (1972). African liberation movements: Contemporary struggles against white minority rule, vol. 376. London: Oxford University Press.
- Glaser, C. (2012). The ANC Youth League. Pretoria: Jacana Media.
- Grootes, S. (2017, September 13). Analysis: The damage the Zuma tsunami has wrought. Available from: https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2017-09-13-analysis-the-damagethe-zuma-tsunami-has-wrought/#.WsKLP4hubIU
- Gumede, W.M. (2007). Thabo Mbeki and the battle for the soul of the ANC. Paarl: Zebra Press.
- Harris, R. (2013, December 18). Mandela the man is gone, but the fight for his brand lives on. Available from: http://america.aljazeera.com/articles/2013/12/18/mandela-the-man-isgonebutthefightforhisbrandliveson.html
- Harvey, K. (2018, March 13). Op-Ed: Cyril Ramaphosa – New dawn, false hope. Available from: https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2018-03-13-op-ed-cyril-ramaphosa-new-dawnfalse-hope/#.WsKENohubIV
- Hofmeyr, J. & Rice, B. (2000). Commitment-led marketing: The key to brand profits in the customer’s mind. London: John Wiley and Sons.
- Hogg, A. (2018, January 15). Ramaphosa goes off-piste in Davos – no script, no bluster, just straight talk. Available from: https://www.biznews.com/wef/davos-2018/2018/01/25/ramaphosa-off-piste-davos-straight-talk/
- Knijnik, G. (1998). Ethnomathematics and political struggles. Zentralblatt für Didaktik der Mathematik, 30(6): 188-194.
- Lazarus, N. (2004). The South African ideology: The myth of exceptionalism, the idea of renaissance. South Atlantic Quarterly, 103(4): 607-628.
- Louw, Eric. (2009). Mandela: Constructing global celebrity as a political tool. In Clarke, R. (ed.) Celebrity colonialism: Fame, power and representation in colonial cultures, 291-307. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
- Manning, P. (2010). The semiotics of brand. Annual Review of Anthropology, 39: 33-49.
- Manyathela, C. (2018, February 16). ANC: Ramaphosa SONA brings new hope. Available from: http://ewn.co.za/2018/02/16/anc-ramaphosa-sona-brings-new-hope
- Marrian, N. (2015, May 18). Mantashe warns that “hostile” journalists will not get interviews. Available from: http://www.bdlive.co.za/national/media/2015/05/18/mantashe-warns-thathostile-journalists-will-not-get-interviews
- Masedi, M. (2014, March 3). The ANC has a good story to tell. Available from: http://www.news24.com/MyNews24/The-ANC-Has-a-Good-Story-To-Tell-20140303
- Mathekga, R. (2018, January 8). Will we finally see why Madiba preferred Ramaphosa as a leader? Available from: https://www.news24.com/Columnists/Ralph_Mathekga/will-wefinally-see-why-madiba-preferred-ramaphosa-as-a-leader-20180108
- Mattes, R. (2018a, March 12). Brand ANC damaged by Zuma and the party’s mutual dance to the bottom. Available from: https://themediaonline.co.za/2018/03/brand-anc-damaged-byzuma-and-the-partys-mutual-dance-to-the-bottom/
- Mattes, R. (2018b, March 13). Zuma presided over ANC’s decline. Available from: https://www.iol.co.za/pretoria-news/zuma-presided-over-ancs-decline-13753817
- Maurya, U.K. & Mishra, P. (2012). What is a brand? A perspective on brand meaning. European Journal of Business and Management, 4(3): 122-133.
- McCarthy, J. (2012, August 7). The devaluation of brand ANC. Available from: http://www.dailymaverick.co.za/opinionista/2012-08-07-the-devaluation-of-brand-anc/#.VYFflfmqqkq
- Moeng, S. (2018, March 22). Love our Cyril, but keep an eye on him. Available from: https://www.biznews.com/global-citizen/2018/03/22/love-cyril-keep-eye-solly-moeng/
- Motshekga, M. (2018, February 28). Heeding Ramaphosa’s call for a new dawn with land expropriation without compensation. Available from: https://www.news24.com/Columnists/
- GuestColumn/heeding-ramaphosas-call-for-a-new-dawn-with-land-expropriation-withoutcompensation-20180228
- Mpikashe, V. (2018, March 4). Letter to the Editor: Cyril Ramaphosa’s new dawn is compromised. Available from: https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2018-03-04-letter-to-the-editor-cyrilramaphosas-new-dawn-is-compromised/#.WsKFmIhubIV
- Msimang, S. (2018, Febraury 14). Zuma has fallen. Available from: http://foreignpolicy.com/2018/02/14/south-africas-survivor-in-chief-has-fallen/
- Nevin, T. (2014, July 9). South Africa’s ANC: Brand loyalty? Available from: http://africanbusinessmagazine.com/africa-within/countryfiles/south-africas-anc-brand-loyalty/
- Olins, W. (2002). Branding the nation – The historical context. Journal of Brand Management, 9(4): 241-248.
- O’Shaughnessy, N. (1990). The phenomenon of political marketing. Bassingstoke: Macmillan Press.
- Paper Screen – Digital News. (2015). Horror story to tell – Mmusi Maimane. Available from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5pEOq2k5rXA
- Posel, D., (2013). The ANC youth league and the politicization of race. Thesis Eleven, 115(1): 58-76.
- Posel, D. (2014). “Madiba magic”: Politics as enchantment. In Barnard, R. (ed.) The Cambridge Companion to Nelson Mandela. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Propp, V. (2003). Morphology of the folktale. Trans. L. Scott. Austin, TA: University of Texas Press.
- Ramaphosa, C. (1996). Swords into ploughshares: The challenge of effective governance in a democratic South Africa. International Journal of Public Sector Management, 9(1): 17-24.
- Ramaphosa, C. (2018, February 16). “A new dawn”- President Cyril Ramaphosa’s maiden SONA in full. Available from: https://mg.co.za/article/2018-02-16-a-new-dawn-president-cyrilramaphosas-maiden-sona
- Ranchod, R. (2013). A kind of magic: The political marketing of the ANC. Auckland Park: Jacana Media.
- Reeves, P., de Chernatony, L., & Carrigan, M. (2006). Building a political brand: Ideology or voterdriven strategy. Journal of Brand Management, 13(6): 418-428.
- Robertson, M. (2015). “The ANC brand is ‘bulletproof’”: Accountability and the logic of the brand in South African politics. Social Dynamics, 41(3): 540-554.
- Robertson, T. (2018, February 7). Trade marks and politics. Available from: https://www.ensafrica.com/news/Trade-marks-and-politics?Id=2944&STitle=IP%20ENSight
- Salzer-Mörling, M. & L. Strannegård. (2004). Silence of the brands. European Journal of Marketing, 38(1/2): 224-238.
- Schroeder, J.E. (2009). The cultural codes of branding. Marketing Theory, 9(1): 123-126.
- Scolari, C.A. (2009). Transmedia storytelling: Implicit consumers, narrative worlds, and branding in contemporary media production. International Journal of Communication, 3: 586-606.
- Shields, R.E. (2001). The force of Callas’ kiss: The 1997 Apple advertising campaign, “Think Different”. Text and Performance Quarterly, 21(3): 202-219.
- Steinberg, J. (2015, May 29). Violence and its rehearsals are signs of new era. Available from:
- http://www.bdlive.co.za/opinion/columnists/2015/05/29/violence-and-its-rehearsals-aresigns-of-new-era
- Stilwell, V. (2018, February 19). Politically (in)correct? – Logo and colour trade marks. Available from: https://www.golegal.co.za/anc-logo-adec-ip/
- Twala, C. (2014). The African National Congress (ANC) and the construction of collective memory and its impact in the post-apartheid era. Journal of Social Science, 41(2): 151-157.
- Umraw, A. (2018a, January 13). Ramaphosa promises unity and renewal. Available from: https://www.huffingtonpost.co.za/2018/01/13/ramaphosa-promises-unity-andrenewal_a_23332525/
- Umraw, A. 2018b, February 14). All the damage Jacob Zuma has wrought over his tenure. Available from: https://www.huffingtonpost.co.za/2018/02/14/all-the-damage-jacob-zumahas-wrought-over-his-tenure_a_23356393/
- van der Westhuizen, J. (2003). Beyond Mandelamania? In Imaging, Branding and Marketing South Africa. PhD dissertation, University of Stellenbosch. Available from: http://www.thepresidency.gov.za/docs/pcsa/irps/jvdwest.pdf
- Van Onselen, G. (2015, July 6). Why the ANC is media illiterate. Available from: http://www.bdlive.co.za/opinion/columnists/2015/07/06/why-the-anc-is-media-illiterate
- Zimmer, M.R., Little, S.K., & Griffiths, J.S. (1999). The impact of nostalgia proneness and need for uniqueness on consumer perceptions of historical branding strategies. In Menon, A. & Sharma, A. (eds.) American Marketing Association Winter Educators’ Conference Proceedings, 10: 259-267. Chicago: American Marketing Association.
- Zuma, J. (2014, February 13). Full text: President Zuma’s SONA speech. Available from: http://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/Politics/President-Zumas-SONA-speech-20140213