Vol 14, No 1 (1995)

This study firstly aimed to Illustrate the innovative value of network analysis for the development communication researcher. A case study with the emphasis on an intact system of farmers in the Border-Kelarsalis presented. The study was conducted in Komkhulu with. 46 local farmers taking part in the research. Network analyses were done on a "Who to whom?" matrix basis in order to determine and to illustrate the dynamic Interrelatedness amongst Intact system members and its potential research value for communication and development researchers. Network analysis research In this study concentrated on three levels, namely, the system, clique and Individal levels of analysis. A conceptual picture of dynamic network analysis aspects was revealed. The conceptual quality of network analysis is further enriched by the use and application of the open-systems approach orientation and the communication convergence orientation. The emphasis is not on the effects of communication, but rather on what is taking place among system members. Lastly, social scientists and development communication researchers in particular are encouraged to use network analysis in con junction with or in support of other methodological orientations in community development research. granted lay the Panther (dated 2010

In April 1994 is vaarwel geroep aan 'n tydvak In Suid-Afrika. 'n Nuwe Suid-Afrika staan to midde van grootskaalse verandering. Laas genoemde manifesteer in makro sosiale, polltieke en ekonomiese aanpassing soos geformuleer binne die Heropbou en Ontwik kelingsplan (HOP). Groot organisasies maak deel hiervan uit en ondergaan talle strukturele aanpassings om tred te hou met eise van HOP. Regstellende aksie, maatskaplike opheffing ensovoorts is enkele voorbeelde. Moontlike privatisering van staatsbates maak verder deel van hierdie strukturele aanpassings ult en ontlok tans teenkanting uit vanaf vakbond geledere. In die ou tydvak was die tipe van teenkanting teen privatisering nie iets nuut nie. Neem die oud-regering se privati seringsbeleid in die laat tagtigerjare, toe staatsorganisasies by hierdie beleid ingeval het en dit grootskaalse organisasie verandering te weeg gebring het met gepaardgaande teen-druk vanuit geledere wat verandering nie wou aanvaar nie. In hierdie tyd is 'n ondersoekende studie vanuit 'n kommunikasie oogpunt na hierdie toenkanting binne 'n parastataal onderneem. In die artikel wat volg word lesse uit hierdie studie geleer, onder die loep geneem. Hierdie lesse kan waarskynlik suksesvol op meeste vorme van teenkanting teen poll-ekonomiese en sosiale verandering in organisasies van toepassing gemaak word. Publisher infated 20 to)

The aim of this article, held at a popular culture symposium in honour of the Afrikaans writer Hennie Aucamp, is to define the  genre of the chanson with specific reference to the poetic chanson of Jacques Brel. Taking the moment of interpretation as point of depar ture, it is argued that the chanson is an inter disciplinary genre combining specific elements of theatre, poetry and music to com municate not only orally, but also audio-visually with an audience. Findings of the semiotics of theatre are used to demonstrate how the chanson uses more than words to put its message across. 

Mass media practices are generally of a "top down' nature. Messages manufactured by media institutions favour dominant perspectives. They are transmitted unilinearly and largely exclude the voices of ordinary people, the poor and the socially marginalised.
Even in transitionary moments as occurred in Zimbabwe, the pre-revolutionary flow of communication from above is rarely transformed by new 'democratic' elites. This paper contests assumptions which have led to the monopoly of media practices by dominant elites.
It is argued that there are no necessary technological or theological reasons why religious broadcasting should not be of a bottom-up kind which expresses and on gages various kinds of discourses. Individuals should have freedom to explore different perspectives in terms of their own class, ethnic, historical, language, gender, and cultural experiences. In the light of this perspective, in the first section below, we offer a political economy of televangelism
Televangelism we define as exhortatory messages broadcast by nondemoninational preachers who finance their network and cable programmes by appeals to their viewers (Biernatzki 1991:1). Teleministries refers to the institutional business operations and structures run by televangelists.

System theory is the most general theoretical approach to communication and the Pragmatic/system approach can be seen as the most comprehensive communication theory at present. However, It does not address in transpersonal or transpersonali/vertical/religlous communication. According to this approach, the smallest unit in a system is soon as the communication relationship between two individuals. This results in a fundamental inconsistency with the General System Theory, according to which the smallest unit of a system determines the functioning and effectivity of the total system. In this article it is proposed that the smallest unit of the communication system is intrapersonal communication (and sometimes transpersonal communication), which will determine and constrain interpersonal communication. Those levels of communication are not taken into account because they cannot be measured in an empirical way. This caveat is ad dressed by developing a hierarchical communication model which embraces both aforementioned levels of communication, as well as the ultimate supra system, namely the transcendental reality. The nature of the transcendental reality is non-empirical and the transpersonal communication subsystem functions as a bridge between the empirical reality and the transcendental (non-empirical) reality. This model places communication within the domain of a more holistic world view and opens the field to non-linear research that goes beyond the empirical perspective.

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