Drawing on a Spiritual Connection: Reflections of an Art Therapist working with Dementia Patients in and around Johannesburg
Main Article Content
Keywords
12 steps, abstract art and spirituality, African notions of personhood, art therapy, dementia, holistic approach, intuitive relating, sacred work
Abstract
Dementia is classified within Western biomedical frameworks as various neurocognitive disorders and presents complex challenges beyond physical symptoms, particularly in South Africa, where cultural interpretations and socio-economic factors influence care. This article is not a research article. It offers personal reflections on integrating African spiritual perspectives with Western medical approaches to dementia care. I did not feel comfortable explaining my belief in the sacredness of this work within secular university training. As a newly registered art therapist who has turned a student placement site into work at frail care centres in and around Johannesburg, I reflect on my approach to dementia care. I give context to my abiding African spiritual principles, although I am of German descent and give context to the notion of abstract art relating to the spiritual. I relate how my personal practice of engaging in intuitive abstract artmaking can foster a connection to an inner sacred space for both therapist and participants, enhancing well-being and offering a non-verbal mode of engagement. I explain how my Higher Power and the 12-step programme at an addiction recovery centre have influenced me to embrace diverse knowledge systems and the intangible aspects of healing, such as ancestral connections and spiritual agency. Vignettes are described of my engagement with dementia patients through weekly group art therapy sessions, where music is also included. The reflection concludes my experience that a holistic, integrative model of dementia care can support the dignity and personhood of patients while also addressing the emotional and spiritual needs of caregivers.
Article Metrics Graph
References
Alcoholics Anonymous World Services. (1952). Twelve steps and twelve traditions. Self-published.
Ally, Y. (2015). Burn the witch: The impact of the fear of witchcraft on social cohesion in South Africa. Psychology in Society, 49, 25-45. https://doi.org/10.17159/2309-8708/2015/n49a3
APA (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). American Psychiatric Association.
Anachkova, I. (2017). The sublime and its connection to spirituality in modern and postmodern philosophy and visual arts. Sophia Philosophical Review, 64-86.
Angus, J., & Bisiani, L. (2012). Doll therapy: A therapeutic means to meet past attachment needs and diminish behaviours of concern in a person living with dementia – A case study approach. Dementia, 12(4), 447-462. https://doi.org/10.1177/1471301211431362
Bomilcar, I., Bertrand, E., Morris, R. G., & Mograbi, C. M. (2021). The seven selves of dementia. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 12, 11-213. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.646050
Carnarius, M. (2015). A deeper perspective on Alzheimer’s and other dementias: Practical tools with spiritual insights. Findhorn Press.
Dos Santos, A. (2023). Finding empathy through music therapy techniques in the midst of family trauma: An autoethnography. Voices: A World Forum for Music Therapy, 24(2). https://doi.org/10.15845/voices.v24i2.4040
Edwards, S. D. (2011). A psychology of Indigenous healing in Southern Africa. Journal of Psychology in Africa, 21(3), 335-348. https://doi.org/10.1080/14330237.2011.10820466
Farrelly-Hansen, M. (Ed.). (2001). Spirituality and art therapy: Living the connection. Jessica Kingsley Publishers.
Kpanake, L. (2018). Cultural concepts of the person and mental health in Africa. Transcultural Psychiatry, 55(2), 198-218. https://doi.org/10.1177/1363461517749435
Mahomed, A., & Pretorius, C. (2022). Exploring the contextual factors that impact the dementia family caregiving experience in Soweto township, South Africa. Dementia, 21(7), 2231-2247. http://doi.org/10.1177/14713012221117905
Mohlomi, S. T. (2022). Rainmaker’s final deluge: The life and work of Samson Mnisi. Retrieved from https://artthrob.co.za/2022/11/30/rainmakers-final-deluge-the-life-and-work-of-samson-mnisi/
Orr, R. D. (2015). Incorporating spirituality into patient care. AMA Journal of Ethics, 17(5), 409-415. https://doi.org/10.1001/journalofethics.2015.17.5.spec1-1505
Peisah, C., Lawrence, G., & Reutens, S. (2011). Creative solutions for severe dementia with BSPD: A case of art therapy used in an inpatient and residential care setting. International Psychogeriatrics, 23(6), 1011-1013. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1041610211000457
Simpson, J. R. (2014). DSM-5 and neurocognitive disorders. Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, 42, 159-164.
Subuwa, Y. (2023, 21 September). World Alzheimer’s Day: Why being diagnosed with dementia may be a death sentence in South Africa. News24. Retrieved 19 November 2024 from https://www.news24.com/news24/southafrica/news/world-alzheimers-day-why-being-diagnosed-with-dementia-may-be-a-death-sentence-in-south-africa-20230921
Tokpah, M. M., & Middleton, L. (2013). Psychiatric nurses’ understanding of the spiritual dimension of holistic psychiatric nursing practice in South Africa: A phenomenological study. African Journal of Nursing and Midwifery, 15(1), 81-94. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/370828
UJ. (2024). Call for abstracts. South African Journal of Art Therapists. University of Johannesburg. https://journals.uj.ac.za/index.php/sajat/announcement/view/25
Ulsperger, J. S., & Knotterus, D. (2008). The social dynamics of elder care: Rituals of bureaucracy and physical neglect in nursing homes. Sociological Spectrum: Mid-South Sociological Association, 28(4), 357-358. https://doi.org/10.1080/02732170801898422
Wasow, M. (1985). Chronic schizophrenia and Alzheimer’s disease: The losses for parents, spouses, and children compared. Journal of Chronic Diseases, 8(8), 711-718. https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9681(85)90025-6
Zheng, H. (2023). Spirituality and abstract art. Sotheby’s Institute of Art (master’s).