Public relations

A new professionalism for a new millennium?

Share:

How to Cite

Public relations: A new professionalism for a new millennium?. (2022). Communicare: Journal for Communication Studies in Africa, 19(2), 51-68. https://doi.org/10.36615/jcsa.v19i2.1873

Abstract

The advent of the Communication Age sets the challenge for public relations to lead
corporations and other organisations on several levels, including the integration of
relationships with various stakeholders, management functions, corporate and
organisational structures as well as the integration with society. The successful
integration at these levels will depend on the range of leadership that corporate
communication professionals demonstrate from a macro level of interaction with society
to a more micro level of individual stakeholders. As a result, public relations professionals
must understand the major issues and trends confronting business and society, and be
able to effectively communicate their longterm implications to management. Key issues
t h a t w i l l remain of concern include many challenges that are a function of technology
and changing times. The future of public relations practice depends on how well the
profession adapts to changes in the new media environment and to shifts in economic,
social and business paradigms.
This article explores the reasons why public relations practice has grown increasingly
complex and discusses the challenges, threats and opportunities facing the profession
in the new millennium.

References

  1. ACHARYA, L. 1983. Practitioner representations of environmental uncertainty. Proceedings of the Association for Education in Journalism. August. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0363-8111(83)80191-X
  2. AUSTIN, E., PINKLETON, B.E. & DIXON, A. 2000. Barriers to public relations program research. Journal of Public Relations Reseorch, 12(3):235-253. https://doi.org/10.1207/S1532754XJPRR1203_2
  3. BOYD, J. 2000. Actional legitimation: No crises necessary. Journal of Public Relations Reseorch, 12 (4):341-353.
  4. https://doi.org/10.1207/S1532754XJPRR1204_3
  5. CARDWELL, J. 1997. Career paths in public relations. (In Caywood, C.L. ed. The Handbook of Strategic Public Relations & Integrated Communications. New York : McGraw -Hill).
  6. CAYWOOD, C.L. 1997. The Handbook of Strategic Public Relations & Integrated Communications. New York : McGraw-Hill.
  7. CLARK, K.A. 1997. Media transformation and the practice of public relations. (IJ Caywood, C.L. Ed. The Handbook of Strategic Public Relations & Integrated Communications. New York : McGraw -Hill).
  8. CRABLE. R. E. 1990. Organizational rhetoric as the fourth great system. Theoretical critical and pragmatic implications. Journal of Applied Communication Research, 18:115-128. https://doi.org/10.1080/00909889009360319
  9. CULBERTSON, H. 1996. Introduction in Culbertson, H. & Chen, N (Eds.) International Public Relations.
  10. Mahwah, New Jersey :Lawrence Erlbaum & Associates :I-13. D'APRIX, R. 1996. Communicating for change. California : Jossey-Bass.
  11. DAY. G.S. & REIBSTEIN, D.J. 1997. Wharton on Dynamic Competitive Strategy. New York : John Wiley and Sons.
  12. DROBIS, D.R. & TYSSE, J.W. 1997. Maintaining effective client-agency partnerships. (In Caywood, C.L. Ed,
  13. The Handbook of Strategic Public Relations & Integrated Communications. New York : McGraw -Hill).
  14. FARMER, B. & WAUGH, L. 1999. Gender differences in public relations students' career attitudes: A benchmark study. Public Relations Review, 25(2):235-249. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0363-8111(99)80164-7
  15. GARDENSWARTZ, L. & ROWE, A. 1995. Diversity Q &A : Launching workplace diversity effort. Mosaic SHRM Focuses on Workplace Diversity, 1(5):5-8.
  16. GONRING, M.P. 1997. Global and local media relations. (In Caywood, C.L. ed. The Handbook of Strategic Public Relations & Integrated Communications. New York : McGraw -Hill).
  17. GORDON, G. 1999. Going it online. Intelligence, 5(6):58-73.
  18. GRAHAM, J.D. 1997. Making the CEO the Chief Communications Officer. (In Caywood, C.L. ed. The Handbook of Strategic Public Relations & Integrated Communications. New York : McGraw -Hill).
  19. GRULKE, W.E. 1995. South Africa's business paradigm: atch up or leapfrog? An address at the opening of the South African Computer Faire and Bexa. [Available on the Internet:] http://www.futureworld.co.za/ talkbexa.html [Date of access: 14 May 20001.
  20. GRUNIG , J.E. 2000. Collectivism, collaboration, and societal corporatism as core professional values in public relations. Journal of Public Relations Reseorch, 12(1):23-48. - https://doi.org/10.1207/S1532754XJPRR1201_3
  21. GRUNIG, J.E. & GRUNIG, L.A. 1996. Implications of symmetry for a theory of ethics and social responsibility in public relations. Chicago : International Communication Association.
  22. GRUNIG, J.E. & HUANG, Y.H. 1999. From organisational effectiveness to relationship indicators: Antecedents of relationships, public relations strategies, and relationship outcomes. (In Ledingham, J.A. & Bruning,
  23. S.D. &. Relationship Monogement: A relationol approach to public relations. Mahwah, N.J. : Lawrence Erlbaum & Associates.
  24. GRUNIG, J.E. & HUNT, T. 1984. Managing Public Relations. New York : Holt, Rhinehart & Winston
  25. GRUNIG, J.E. & WHITE, J. 1992. The effect of worldviews on public relations practice. (In Grunig, J. ed. Excellence in Public Relations and Communication Management. Hillsdale : Lawrence Erlbaum & Associates.
  26. GRUNIG, J.E. 1989. Symmetrical presuppositions as a framework for public relations theory. (In Botan, C. & Hazelton, V.T. eds. Public Relations Theory. Hillsdale : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates).
  27. GRUNIG, L.A. 1992. Toward the philosophy of public relations. (IJ Toth, E.L. & Heath, R.L. eds. Rhetorical and Critical Approaches to Public Relations. New Jersey : Lawrence Erlbaum Associatete
  28. GRUNIG, L.A. 1997. Excellence in Public Relations. (In Caywood, C.L. ed. The Handbook of Strategic Public Relations & Integrated Communications. New York : McGraw -Hill).
  29. HALAL. W.E. 1993. Can business lead the global transformation? Strategic imperatives from the World 2000 dialogue. World Business Academy Perspectives, 7(3):51-66.
  30. HOGG, G. & DOOLAN, D. 1999. Playing practitioner roles in public relations. European Journal of Marketing, 33(5/6):1-11.
  31. https://doi.org/10.1108/03090569910262189
  32. HOLTZHAUSEN, D. 2000. Post modern values in public relations. Journal of Public Relotions Reseorch,
  33. https://doi.org/10.1207/S1532754XJPRR1201_6 12(1):93-114
  34. HOLTZHAUSEN, D.R. & VERWEY, 5. 1996. Towards a general theory of public relations. Communicare, 15(2):25-56.
  35. HON, L. 1998. Demonstrating effectiveness in public relations: Goals, objectives and evaluation. Journal of Public Relations Research, 10:103-136. https://doi.org/10.1207/s1532754xjprr1002_02
  36. HUTTON, J.G. 1999. The definition, dimensions, and domain of public relations. Public Relations Review, 25(2):199-214.
  37. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0363-8111(99)80162-3
  38. KRUCKEBERG, D. & STARK, K. 1988. Public relations and community: A reconstructed theory. New York : Praeger.
  39. LAURIE, M. 1997. Managing a diverse workforce in a changing corporate environment. (In Caywood, C.L. ed. The Handbook of Strategic Public Relations & Integrated Communications. New York : McGraw -Hill).
  40. LEDINGHAM,J.A., BRUNING,S.D. & WILSON, L.J. 1999. Time as an indicator of perceptions and behaviour of a key public: Monitoring and predicting organisation-public relationships. Journal of Public Relations Research, 11:167-183. https://doi.org/10.1207/s1532754xjprr1102_04
  41. LINDENMANN, W.K. 1998. Measuring relationships is key to successful public relations. Public Relations Quarterly, 43(4):18-25.
  42. MAKAU, J. & ARNETT, R. 1997. Communication ethics in the age of diversity. Urbana : University of Illinois Press.
  43. McCOWN, G. 1993. A new social contract for business. World Business Academy Perspectives, 7(4):68-70.
  44. McINTOSH, P. 1990. Interactive phases of circular and personal revision with regard to race. Working paper No 219. Wellesley. M. A. Center for Research on Women. Wellesley College.
  45. MERRY. U. 1999b. Organisations in a sustainable landscape : Sustainability in our times. [Web] hw pwl.netcom.com/-nmerrvlart2.htm. [Date of access: 1 Nov. 19991.
  46. MORGAN, G. 1986. Images of organisation. Newbury Park,C.A. : Sage.
  47. MOSS, D., WARNABY, G. & NEWMAN, A.J. 2000. Public relations role enactment at senior management levei within UK Companies. Journal of Public Relations Research, 12(4):277-305. https://doi.org/10.1207/S1532754XJPRR1204_1
  48. NICOTERA, A.M. & CUSHMAN, D.J. 1992. Organisation ethics: a within view. Journal ofApplied Communication Research, 20:437-462.
  49. https://doi.org/10.1080/00909889209365348
  50. PAGE, ARTHUR, W SOCIETY. 1999. Membership Directory 1999. Author
  51. PIECZKA, M. 2000. Objectives and evaluation in public relations work:: What do they tell us about expertise and professionalism? Journal of Public Relations Research. Vol.12 (3) :211-234mhttps://doi.org/10.1207/S1532754XJPRR1203_1
  52. PRATT, C.B. 1994. Applying classical ethical theories to ethical decision-making in public relations. Management Communication Quarterly, 8(1):70-94.mhttps://doi.org/10.1177/0893318994008001004
  53. RENTON, J. 1998. Corporate citizenship. A highlife special. Highlife, 1-15.
  54. REPORT SHELL WORKING PAPER. 1998. The Triple Bottom Line in Action. [Web] http://sustainability.co.uk/ articles-reports-press/Shell working paperlreport-ShellTBL-Worki [Date of access: 2 Oct. 19981.
  55. ROSSINI, T. 1999. Ten e-commerce questions answered. Intelligence, 5(6):66.
  56. RYAN, M. 1999. Practitioners and the worldwide web: Involvement in websites is crucial. Public Relatians Quarterly, 29-31.
  57. SPICER, C. 1997. Organisational Public Relations: A Political Perspective. Mahwah : Lawrence Erlbaum & Associates.
  58. STRENSKI, J.B. 1998. Public relations in the new millennium. Public Relations Quarterly, 43(3):24-25. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0363-8111(98)90081-9
  59. THOMS, S.J. 1996. Are editors online as much as you think? Public Relations Quarterly, 40:23-24
  60. TOTH, E.L., SERENI, S.A., WRIGHT, D.K. & EMIG, A.G. 1998. Trends in public relations roles: 1990-1995. Public Relations Review, 24(4):145-163.
  61. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0363-8111(99)80048-4
  62. TOTH, E.L. & PAVLIK, J.V. 2000. Public relations values in the new millennium. Journal of Public Relations Research, 12(1):1-2.
  63. https://doi.org/10.1207/S1532754XJPRR1201_1
  64. WHITE, T. 1999. Cultivating a customer culture. Intelligence, 1(3):86-89
  65. WOODWARD, W.D. 2000. Transactional philosophy as a basis for dialogue in public relations. Journol of Public Relations Research, 12(3):255-275. https://doi.org/10.1207/S1532754XJPRR1203_3
  66. WRIGHT, D.K. 1985. Individual ethics determine public reiations practice. Public Relations Journal, 41(4):38-39. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0363-8111(85)80059-X
How to Cite
Public relations: A new professionalism for a new millennium?. (2022). Communicare: Journal for Communication Studies in Africa, 19(2), 51-68. https://doi.org/10.36615/jcsa.v19i2.1873

Send mail to Author


Send Cancel

Custom technologies based on your needs

  • ORCID
  • Crossref