Whistle blowing in the organization: wrongdoer or do-gooder?
wrongdoer or do-gooder?

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
- Articles
- Submited: October 20, 2022
-
Published: October 24, 2022
Abstract
In his speech at the Anti-corruption Summit Conference in Cape Town in 1998, the deputy
president of South Africa said that the culture of entitlement, so prevalent in our
community, had contributed to the ‘name it, claim it’ syndrome where individuals sought
an elusive moral justification for engaging in criminal activity and that public servants
were obliged to serve the public with integrity (Speech of the …: 1998 [O]).
Although the problem of corruption can be traced back to the 1960s in America and the
1980s in South Africa, the concept of whistle blowing has become an important
phenomenon in modern organizations in the last decade. Subsequently, it is clear that
the concept of whistle blowing should be conceptualized in terms of a theoretical
framework to provide a context for the analysis thereof. The main aim of this article is
therefore to conduct an exploratory study, based on a comprehensive literature review,
to explore, elucidate and critically assess the current status of whistle blowing in South
Africa. The first section of this article explores the development and theoretical perspectives
on the concept, and proposes perspectives on whistle blowing as a communication
phenomenon. The second section deals with the current status of whistle blowing in
South Africa in terms of legislation and ethical considerations. The last section
operationalizes the whistle blowing process and proposes criteria for dealing with whistle
blowing in the organization.
Article Metrics Graph
References
- ANDREWS, K.R. 1989. Ethics in practice. Managing the moral corporation. Boston : Harvard Business School Press.
- BORRIE, G. & DEHN, G. 2003. Whistle blowing: the new perspective. [Web:]. http://www.pcaw.co.uk/policy_pub/newperspective.html. [Date of access: 13 March 2003].
- BRIEF, A. & MOTOWIDLO, S. 1986. Prosocial organizational behaviours. Academy of Management Review, 11:710-725. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.1986.4283909
- https://doi.org/10.2307/258391 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/258391
- BROMLEY, D.G. 1998. Linking social structure and the exit process in religious organizations: Defectors, whistle-blowers and apostates. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 37(1):145-160.
- https://doi.org/10.2307/1388034 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1388034
- BUTLER, B. 2002. Blowing the whistle: Changing culture best policy, practice. [Web:] http://www.transparency.org.au/media . [Date of access: 12 March 2003].
- JENVEY, N. 2003. Case. Business Day, 12 March 2003.
- CAMERER, L. 1996. Ethics and the professions: blowing the whistle on crime1. African Security Review, 5(6).
- https://doi.org/10.1080/10246029.1996.9627683 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10246029.1996.9627683
- CAMERER, L. 2000. Protecting whistleblowers in South Africa: The Protected Disclosure Act 26 of 2000. [Web:] http://www.iss.co.za/pubs/papers47/paper47.html . [Date of access: 3 March 2003].
- DOZIER, J.B. & MICELI, M.P. 1985. Potential predictors of whistle blowing: A prosocial behavior perspective. Academy of Management Review, 10(4):823-836. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.1985.4279105
- https://doi.org/10.2307/258050 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/258050
- DYER, C. 2003. Whistleblowers win 10m pounds a year. The Guardian, Wednesday April 30, 2003.
- ELLISTON, F.A. 1982. Anonymity and whistle blowing. Journal of Business Ethics, 1:167-177.
- https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00382768 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00382768
- GLAUSER, M.J. 1984. Upward information flow in organizations: Review and conceptual analysis. Human Relations, 37:613-643.
- https://doi.org/10.1177/001872678403700804 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/001872678403700804
- GREENBERGER, D.B., MICELI, M.P. & COHEN, D.J. 1987. Oppositionists and group norms: The reciprocal influence of whistle-blowers and co-workers. Journal of Business Ethics, 6:527-542.
- https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00383744 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00383744
- HUNT, G. 1998. Whistle blowing in the social services: Public accountability & professional practice. London : Arnold.
- JENSEN, J.V. 1987. Ethical tension points in whistle blowing. Journal of Business Ethics, 6:321-328.
- https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00382941 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00382941
- KING, G. 1997. The effects of interpersonal closeness and issue seriousness on blowing the whistle. The Journal of Business Communication, 34(4):419-436.
- https://doi.org/10.1177/002194369703400406 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/002194369703400406
- KOLARSKA, L. & ALDRICH, J. 1980. Exit, voice and silence: Consumer's and manager's responses to organizational decline. Organization Studies, 41-58.
- https://doi.org/10.1177/017084068000100104 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/017084068000100104
- LOUW, M. 2002. Ethics in the workplace: Moving to higher ground. (In Verwey, S. & Du Plooy-Cilliers, F. Strategic organizational communication: Paradigms and paradoxes. Sandown : Heinemann Publishers).
- MAIL & GAURDIAN. 2003. South Africans believe corruption is widespread. [Web:] http://www.mg.co.za/Content/13.asp?ao=11322 . [Date of access: 3 March 2003].
- MICELI, M.P. & NEAR, J.P. 1984. The relationships among beliefs, organizational position and whistle blowing status: A discriminant analysis. Academy of Management Journal, 27:687-705. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5465/255873
- https://doi.org/10.2307/255873 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/255873
- MICELI, M.P. & NEAR, J.P. 1988. Individual and situational correlates of whistle blowing. Personnel Psychology, 41:267-281.
- https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.1988.tb02385.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.1988.tb02385.x
- MICELI, M.P., DOZIER, J.B. & NEAR, J.P. 1991. Blowing the whistle on data fudging: A controlled field experiment. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 21(4):271-295.
- https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.1991.tb00521.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.1991.tb00521.x
- MICELI, M.P. & NEAR, J.P. 1992. Blowing the whistle. New York : Lexington Books.
- NADER, R., PETKAS, P.J. & BLACKWELL, K. 1972. Whistle-blowing: The report on the conference on professional responsibility. New York : Grossman.
- NEAR, J.P. & MICELI, M.P. 1985. Organizational dissidence: The case of whistle blowing. Journal of Business Ethics, 4:1-16.
- https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00382668 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00382668
- NEAR, J.P. & MICELI, M.P. 1996. Whistle-blowing: Myth and reality. Journal of Management, 22(3):507-525.
- https://doi.org/10.1177/014920639602200306 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/014920639602200306
- PARMERLEE, M.A., NEAR, J.P. & JENSEN, T.C. 1982. Correlates of whistle-blowers' perceptions of organizational retaliation. Administrative Science Quarterly, 27:17-34.
- https://doi.org/10.2307/2392544 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2392544
- PETERSEN, J.C. & FARRELL, D. 1986. Whistle blowing: Ethical and legal issues in expressing dissent. Dubuque, Iowa : Kendall-Hunt.
- ROGERSON, S. & PRIOR, M. 1998. Is it ethical? Survey of Professional Practice. [Web:] http://www.ccsr.cse.dmu.ac.uk/resources/general/ethicol/ecv9no1.html. [Date of access: 3 March 2003].
- SANGWENI, S. 2003. Public service commission: problems, limitations and research challenges. [Web:] No web address.
- SKINNER, B.F. 1953. Science and human behaviour. New York : MacMillan. Speech of the deputy president at the anti-corruption summit. [Web:] http://www.polity.org.za/html/govdocs/speeches/1998/sp1110.html. Date of access: 3 March 2003].
- STEWART, L.P. 1990. Whistle blowing: Implications for organizational communication. (In Ferguson, S.D. & Ferguson,S. eds. Organizational communication. New Brunswick : Transaction Publishers).
- TERREBLANCE, C. 2003. Journalists, whistleblowers urged to expose corruption. The Star, Thursday 3 April 2003.
- The Constitution of the Republic of South Africa. 1996.
- The Government Gazette. 2000. [Web:] http://www.gov.za/gazette/acts/2000/a26-00.pdf. [Date of access: 3 March 2003].
- VINTEN, G. 2000. Whistle blowing towards disaster prevention and management. Disaster Prevention and Management, 9(1):18-28.
- https://doi.org/10.1108/09653560010316032 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/09653560010316032
- VINTEN, G. 2000. Whistle blowing towards quality. The TQM Magazine, 12(3)166-171.
- https://doi.org/10.1108/09544780010320223 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/09544780010320223
- VROOM, V.H. 1964. Work and motivation. New York : Wiley.




