Evolution of Kenya’s Foreign Policy During the Cold War An Examination of Afghanistan, Iraq, Iran, Israel, and Palestine During the Moi Era (1978-1990)
Main Article Content
Keywords
Recognition, Foreign Policy, Ambiguity, Legitimacy, Governments
Abstract
This study critically outlines Kenya’s Foreign Policy as it evolved during the cold war under Moi’s era toward the Middle East. The study exemplifies the underlying strategies, sources, national and personal interests, objectives, priorities, and implementation of Kenya's foreign policy. The study is premised on the need to elucidate if Kenya’s belief in regional peace and security was the cornerstone under which Kenya’s foreign was formulated and implemented. It was believed that any inconsistencies in Kenya’s foreign policy were based on rational and emerging trends in international affairs such as security threats to regional and global peace and stability. The study aims to ascertain how, Kenya’s recognition policy, was formulated, articulated, and exercised during Moi’s era toward the Middle East (1978-1990). The central question of this study is this: What influenced Kenya’s recognition policy towards Afghanistan, Iraq, Iran, Israel, and Palestine during the Cold War under Moi’s administration (1978-1990)?
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References
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East, Roger; Thomas, Richard J. (June 3, 2014). Profiles of People in Power: The World’s Government Leaders. Routledge. ISBN 9781317639404. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315759517
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Mabeya Danvas.O. (2002). The Question of Legitimacy: Kenya’s Recognition Policy of Governments under Moi during the Cold War – Eastern Africa Countries, 1978-1998.
Malcolm N. S (1997), International Law (fourth edition), United Kingdom, Cambridge University Press. p 306.
McKenna, Amy (Feb 10, 2020). Daniel arap Moi President of Kenya. Retrieved from: https://www.britannica.com/biography/Daniel-arap-Moi
Martin Dixon & McCorquodale Robert, Cases and Materials on International Law. London: Blackstone, 1991. p .127.
Munene, M (1997). Images of Kenya’s Foreign Policy in the Media: A paper presented at USIU-AFRICA/DANIDA workshop on the Foreign Policy of Kenya: Issues and Prospects, USIU-A, August 29.
Musambayi I. C (1995). The politics of regime consolidation and entrenchment-Moi’s Foreign policy 1978-1995. French Institute for Research in Africa, Nairobi. Published in. p. 6.
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Satyavrata R.P (1964). A textbook of International Law, Bombay: Asia Publishing House. p. 45.
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Talmon S (1988). Recognition of governments in international Law: with particular reference to governments in exile. Oxford. Clarendon Press. pp. 49-56.
Taylor, C. (1994). Multiculturalism: Examining the politics of Recognition (et al) edited and introduced by Amy G. Princeton, N.J. Princeton University. p 25.
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____________________, January 18 1980. p. 14.
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____________________, August 2 1985. p. 13.
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____________________, November 1 1985. p. 4.
____________________, November 8 1985. pp. 16-17
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____________________, January 24 1986. p. 30.
____________________, January 31 1986. pp. 7-8.
____________________, January 31 1986. p. 9.
____________________, May 30 1986. p. 38.
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____________________, April 8 1988. p. 29.
____________________, January 6 1989. p. 5.
BBC News. 11 February 2020. “Kenya’s Daniel arap Moi: Thousands pack the stadium for funeral”.
The East African (September 16, 2022), Sahrawi gaffe hands Kenya’s Ruto first diplomatic dilemma. Retrieved from: https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/sahrawi-gaffe-hands-kenya-ruto-first-diplomatic-dilemma-3950592
East, Roger; Thomas, Richard J. (June 3, 2014). Profiles of People in Power: The World’s Government Leaders. Routledge. ISBN 9781317639404. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315759517
Galloway, op. p. 142.Olatunda O. Ojo et al (1985) ‘African International Relations,’ London: Longman. p. 87.
Hansard (National Assembly Debates) VOL. XXL 1971. p. 127.
Hyde in Moore and Rivier. International Law I. 56.
Hull C. Bryson, Kenya names ex-leader special envoy to Sudan Archived 31 March 2012 at the Wayback Machine, Reuters (IOL), 26 July 2007.
Jentleson W. B and Paterson G. The encyclopedia of U.S foreign relations (Volume 3) New York, Oxford University Press, 1997. pp. 466-467.
Jessup Philip C. (Oct, 1931). The Estrada Doctrine. The American Journal of International Law. Cambridge University Press. Vol. 25, No. 4, pp. 719-723. DOI: 10.2307/2189922. https://doi.org/10.2307/2189922
Kahawatungu. 29 August 2017. “Exclusive: Former President Daniel Arap Moi Suffering from Dementia”.
Mabeya Danvas.O. (2002). The Question of Legitimacy: Kenya’s Recognition Policy of Governments under Moi during the Cold War – Eastern Africa Countries, 1978-1998.
Malcolm N. S (1997), International Law (fourth edition), United Kingdom, Cambridge University Press. p 306.
McKenna, Amy (Feb 10, 2020). Daniel arap Moi President of Kenya. Retrieved from: https://www.britannica.com/biography/Daniel-arap-Moi
Martin Dixon & McCorquodale Robert, Cases and Materials on International Law. London: Blackstone, 1991. p .127.
Munene, M (1997). Images of Kenya’s Foreign Policy in the Media: A paper presented at USIU-AFRICA/DANIDA workshop on the Foreign Policy of Kenya: Issues and Prospects, USIU-A, August 29.
Musambayi I. C (1995). The politics of regime consolidation and entrenchment-Moi’s Foreign policy 1978-1995. French Institute for Research in Africa, Nairobi. Published in. p. 6.
Moi sent off with 19-gun salute — video, retrieved 12 February 2020
Mphaso. 29 October 2019. “All about the condition former President Moi is being treated for in ICU”.
Ndunda Joseph (7 September 2016). “No hanging since 1987: Is the death penalty still relevant?”. The Star.
Lacey Marc (13 October 2002). “Kenya’s Leader to Step Down but Not Out”. New York Times.
Standard Digital. 10 February 2020.”Raymond: Moi was 105 years old”.
Stansifer Charles L (1967). “Application of the Tobar Doctrine to Central America,” in Americas 23, no. 3. 251-272. https://doi.org/10.2307/980469
Satyavrata R.P (1964). A textbook of International Law, Bombay: Asia Publishing House. p. 45.
____________ (1964. A textbook of International Law, Bombay: Asia Publishing House. p. 46.
Society. Nyamora Communications Limited. August 8, 1992. p. 12.
Talmon S (1988). Recognition of governments in international Law: with particular reference to governments in exile. Oxford. Clarendon Press. pp. 49-56.
Taylor, C. (1994). Multiculturalism: Examining the politics of Recognition (et al) edited and introduced by Amy G. Princeton, N.J. Princeton University. p 25.
The Guardian. 30 December 2002. Kibaki was sworn in as Kenyan president”.
Throup David; Hornsby Charles (1998). Multi-party Politics in Kenya: The Kenyatta & Moi States & the Triumph of the System in the 1992 Election. James Currey Publishers. p. 86–87. ISBN 9780852558041.
Weekly Review (Nairobi), January 11 1980. p. 6.
____________________, January 18 1980. p. 14.
____________________, September 18 1981. p. 14-16.
____________________, November 27 1981. pp. 19-20.
____________________, April 13 1984. p. 23.
____________________, December 21 1984. p. 44.
____________________, August 2 1985. p. 13.
____________________, August 23 1985. p. 13.
____________________, August 30 1985. pp. 3-4.
____________________, November 1 1985. p. 4.
____________________, November 8 1985. pp. 16-17
____________________, December 6 1985. pp. 10-11.
____________________, January 24 1986. p. 30.
____________________, January 31 1986. pp. 7-8.
____________________, January 31 1986. p. 9.
____________________, May 30 1986. p. 38.
____________________, April 3 1987. p. 5.
____________________, April 8 1988. p. 29.
____________________, January 6 1989. p. 5.
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Feb 9, 2024
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Evolution of Kenya’s Foreign Policy During the Cold War: An Examination of Afghanistan, Iraq, Iran, Israel, and Palestine During the Moi Era (1978-1990). (2024). African Journal of Political Science, 11(1), 69-80. https://doi.org/10.36615/7y5qaz38
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How to Cite
Evolution of Kenya’s Foreign Policy During the Cold War: An Examination of Afghanistan, Iraq, Iran, Israel, and Palestine During the Moi Era (1978-1990). (2024). African Journal of Political Science, 11(1), 69-80. https://doi.org/10.36615/7y5qaz38