Entrepreneurship and Future Perspectives in BRICS- Operational Improvements and Sustainable Air Transport Development in the Global South
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Keywords
BRICS, Reduction of CO2 Emissions, Air Transport, Tourism
Abstract
There is a clear inequality between air transport systems development in Global North countries from the Global South ones. It is possible to observe this inequality when analyzing each region's route network and the total number of flights. This article aims to analyze how the adherence to The Carbon Offset Scheme for International Aviation (CORSIA) which comprises a market-based measure to stabilize emissions from 2020 onwards by international civil aviation can restrict growth and impact air transport expansion in developing countries, focusing on the BRICS countries. Considering a bibliographical review, the article highlights how ICAO developed measures to reduce CO2 emissions, including operational, technical, and alternative fuel measures, consisting of CORSIA in a complementary market measure. Additionally, based on the methodology developed by ICAO, the estimated reduction in CO2 emissions from implementing operational measures in Brazil was calculated using the annual number of arrivals and departures at airports. Operational measures are more in line with developing countries' United Nations' sustainable development goals, which have a broader sustainable development view of society. They are the best short-term option since Technological measures have a high implementation cost, and their incorporation into aircraft fleets takes a long time using SAF strongly depends on reducing associated production costs and developing a supply chain that allows its production to scale. As BRICS countries implement operational measures in their air transport systems, there is an increasing gain in efficiency and a reduction in CO2 emissions. Market measures such as CORSIA can restrict the expansion of air transport infrastructure in developing countries, consequently impacting their economic growth.
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